| Number |
Name |
Comments |
| E100@ |
Curcumin |
Orange-yellow color; derived from the root of the curcuma (turmeric) plant, but can be artificially produced; used in cheese, margarine, baked sweets and fish fingers |
| E101@ |
Riboflavin, Riboflavin-5'-phosphate |
'Vitamin B2' and color; occurs naturally in green veggies, eggs, milk, liver and kidney; used in margarine and cheese |
| E102 |
Tartrazine |
FD&C Yellow No.5; known to provoke asthma attacks (though the US FDA do not recognize this) and urticaria (nettle rash) in children (the US FDA estimates 1:10 000); also linked to thyroid tumors, chromosomal damage, urticaria (hives) and hyperactivity; tartrazine sensitivity is also linked to aspirin sensitivity; used to color drinks, sweets, jams, cereals, snack foods, canned fish, packaged soups; banned in Norway and Austria |
| E104 |
Quinoline Yellow |
FD&C Yellow No.10; used in lipsticks hair products, colognes; also in a wide range of medications; cause dermatitis; banned in Australia, USA and Norway |
| E107 |
Yellow 7G |
Yellow color; the HACSG recommends to avoid it; people who suffer Asthma may also show an allergic reaction to it; typical products are soft drinks; banned in Australia and USA |
| E110@ |
Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S |
FD&C Yellow No.6; used in cereals, bakery, sweets, snack foods, ice cream, drinks and canned fish; synthetic; also in many medications including Berocca, Polaramine, Ventolin syrup; side effects are urticaria (hives), rhinitis (runny nose), nasal congestion, allergies, hyperactivity, kidney tumors, chromosomal damage, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, indigestion, distaste for food; seen increased incidence of tumors in animals; banned in Norway |
| E120@ |
Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines |
Red color; made from insects; rarely used; the HASCG* recommends to avoid it |
| E122 |
Azorubine, Carmoisine |
Red color; coal tar derivative; can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; typical products are confectionary, marzipan, jelly crystals; banned in Sweden, USA, Austria and Norway |
| E123 |
Amaranth |
FD&C Red No.2; derived from the small herbaceous plant of the same name; used in cake mixes, fruit-flavored fillings, jelly crystals; can provoke asthma, eczema and hyperactivity; it caused birth defects and fetal deaths in some animal tests, possibly also cancer; banned in the USA, Russia, Austria and Norway and other countries |
| E124 |
Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A |
FD&C Red No.4; synthetic coal tar and azo dye, carcinogen in animals, can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; banned in USA and Norway |
| E127 |
Erythrosine |
FD&C Red No.3; red color used in cherries, canned fruit, custard mix, sweets, bakery, snack foods; can cause sensitivity to light; can increase thyroid hormone levels and lead to hyperthyroidism, was shown to cause thyroid cancer in rats in a study in 1990; Banned in January 1990, but not recalled by the US FDA; banned in Norway |
| E128 |
Red 2G |
Banned in Australia and many other places except UK |
| E129 |
Allura red AC |
FD&C Red No.40; Orange-red color used in sweets, drinks and condiments, medications and cosmetics, synthetic; introduced in the early eighties to replace amaranth which was considered not safe due to conflicting test results; allura red has also been connected with cancer in mice; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria and Norway |
| E131 |
Patent blue V |
Banned in Australia, USA and Norway |
| E132@ |
Indigotine, Indigo carmine |
FD&C Blue No.2, commonly added to tablets and capsules; also used in ice cream, sweets, baked goods, confectionary, biscuits, synthetic coal tar derivative; may cause nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, skin rashes, breathing problems and other allergic reactions. banned in Norway |
| E133 |
Brilliant blue FCF |
FD&C Blue Dye No.1; used in dairy products, sweets and drinks, synthetic usually occurring as aluminum lake (solution) or ammonium salt; banned in Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, Norway |
| E140 |
Chlorophylis, Chlorophyllins |
Green color occurs naturally in all plants; used for dyeing waxes and oils, used in medicines and cosmetics |
| E141 |
Copper complexes of chlorophyll and chlorophyllins |
Olive color, no adverse effects are known |
| E142 |
Green S |
Green color; synthetic coal tar derivative; used in canned peas, mint jelly and sauce, packet bread crumbs and cake mixes; banned in Sweden, USA and Norway |
| E150(a) |
Plain caramel |
Dark brown color made from sucrose; the HACSG recommends to avoid it. used in oyster, soy, fruit and canned sauces, beer, whiskey, biscuits, pickles |
| E150(b) |
Caustic sulfite caramel |
See E150(a) |
| E150(c) |
Ammonia caramel |
See E150(a) |
| E150(d) |
Sulfite ammonia caramel |
See E150(a) |
| E151 |
Brilliant Black BN, Black PN |
Black color; coal tar derivative; used in brown sauces, black currant cake mixes; banned in Denmark, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, USA, Norway |
| E153@ |
Vegetable carbon |
Black color, charcoal pigment; used in jams, jelly crystals, liquorice; only the vegetable derived variety permitted in Australia, banned in the USA |
| E154 |
Brown FK |
Banned in USA |
| E155 |
Brown HT (Chocolate) |
Brown color, coal tar and azo dye; used in chocolate cake mixes; can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; also known to induce skin sensitivity; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, USA, Norway |
| E160(a)@ |
Carotene, alpha-, beta-, gamma- |
Orange-yellow color; human body converts it to 'Vitamin A' in the liver, found in carrots and other yellow or orange fruits and vegetables |
| E160(b)@ |
Annatto (Arnatto, Annato), bixin, norbixin |
Red color; derived from a tree (Bixa orellana); used as a body paint, fabric dye, digestive aid and expectorant; used to dye cheese, butter, margarine, cereals, snack foods, soaps, textiles and varnishes; known to cause urticaria (nettle rash), the HACSG recommends to avoid it. |
| E160(c)@ |
Paprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin |
Avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E160(d)@ |
Lycopene |
Red colored carotenoid found in tomatoes and pink grapefruit, can cause decreasing risk of cancer |
| E160(e)@ |
Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) |
orange color, no adverse effects are known |
| E160(f)@ |
Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (C 30) |
Orange color, no adverse effects are known |
| E161(b) |
Xanthophylls - Lutein |
Yellow color derived from plants, naturally found in green leaves, marigolds and egg yolks |
| E161(g)@ |
Xanthophylls - Canthaxanthin |
Yellow color possibly derived from animal sources (retinol); the pigment is found in some mushrooms, crustacea, fish, flamingo feathers |
| E162 |
Beetroot Red, Betanin |
Purple color derived from beets; no adverse effects are known |
| E163 |
Anthocyanins |
Violet color matter of flowers and plants; seems safe |
| E170@ |
Calcium carbonate |
Mineral salt, used in toothpastes, white paint and cleaning powders; may be derived from rock mineral or animal bones; sometimes used to de-acidify wines and firm canned fruit and veg.; toxic at 'high doses' |
| E171 |
Titanium dioxide |
White color used in toothpaste and white paint, pollutes waterways; no adverse effects are known |
| E172 |
Iron oxides and hydroxides |
Black, yellow, red color used in salmon and shrimp pastes; toxic at 'high doses' |
| E173 |
Aluminum |
Avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E174 |
Silver |
Avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E175 |
Gold |
Avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E180 |
Latolrubine BK |
Avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E181 |
Tannic acid, tannins |
Clarifying agent in alcohol; derived from the nutgalls and twigs of oak trees; occurs naturally in tea |